Kiss The Hype Essays - Kiss, Wicked Lester, Peter Criss,

Kiss The Hype What is hype? Hype is defined as promotional publicity of an extravagant or contrived kind. It is used to lure the consumer to a certain product or an event of some kind. The competition for the consumer's attention is intense and even desperate at times. Throughout the 1970's, there was a vast machinery of hype surrounding the music industry. Some of what came out of it was original and imaginative, but some was deceptive and outrageous. Whatever it was, it was all aimed at the consumer. The rock group Kiss has been performing for over twenty-six years. In that time, they have sold over ninety million albums, amassed legions of fans, and sold out stadiums around the world. There is a reason for the extraordinary success of Kiss. It has something to do with their music, but it has more to do with the way they are hyped and packaged. So lets unwrap that package. In 1972, Gene Simmons was a sixth grade school teacher in New York City. With guitarist Paul Stanley, he formed a band called Wicked Lester that played in small clubs and bars around New York. That band quickly failed. "Wicked Lester just wasn't the deadly rock n' roll assault squad they had always wanted" (Kitts 12). But Simmons and Stanley felt they could and would become stars. They invested in some large equipment and decided to start a major rock band. From the hordes of drummers, they chose Peter Criss, who had been advertising himself in New York newspapers. They auditioned over thirty guitarists and cho se Ace Frehley, who had been delivering liquor for a living. The band was formed and now came the time to sell it. The key step was to persuade Bill Aucoin, director of the television show Flipside, to take over the management of the band. Kiss emphasized style over substance and went heavy on trappings. Makeup came first. It set them apart from everyone else and gave them an aura of mystery. Each member developed his own alter ego. It was the first of many Kiss gimmicks that worked. The costumes came next, complete with black leather, aluminum studs, and seven-inch platform heels. They never allowed themselves to be photographed out of character. "The hype was self-perpetuating. The more Kiss's identities were shielded, the more interest there was in trying to photograph them" (Lendt 40). By 1978, Kiss was the highest grossing live act in the world. Their concerts became main attractions for millions of people. Kiss's formula for success was simple: hit the audience so hard, with a barrage of gimmicks, stunts, and theatrics, that they will not be able to forget you. Everything was intended to project power. The double s's at the end of the Kiss logo were designed to look like lightening bolts. The stage was equipped with drum risers, platforms, and a towering electric sign with a gigantic lit up Kiss logo. A high point, or "hype" point, in the show came when Gene Simmons, the demon, would breathe fire. Another "hype" point would come when Simmons vomited blood. For Kiss, their concerts were the best commercials for their albums. Kiss had to make their way in the 1970's without the help of radio. There were virtually no stations in the country that would play their music. Instead, they promoted themselves in other ways. They permitted no promotional possibility to slip away. Kiss sold t-shirts, hats, belt buckles, puzzles, dolls, jackets, pictures, posters, comic books, and virtually any and everything they could put their logo on. "In some ways it epitomized just how big and different we were that a lot of other bands" (Stanley, Kiss Extreme Close-up). They used all of this promotion to sell records. In the music business, this sort of thing is called, not without reason, exploitation. Kiss is one of the best examples of hype in the music industry. Without their image, along with the package, they might not have ever made it out of the clubs and bars. Few imitators have attempted to copy or adapt the Kiss formula's obvious appeal, and certainly none have surpassed Kiss's success at capitalizing on that formula. In time, Kiss may one day be permanently

Friedrich St.Florian, About the WWII Memorial Designer

Friedrich St.Florian, About the WWII Memorial Designer Friedrich St.Florian (born December 21, 1932 in Graz, Austria) is widely known for only one work, the National World War II Memorial. His influence on American architecture is mainly from his teaching, first at Columbia University in 1963, and then a lifetime career at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) in Providence, Rhode Island. St.Florians long teaching career places him at the head of the class for mentoring student architects. He is often called a Rhode Island architect, although this is an over-simplification of his world vision.  Settling in the United States in 1967 and a naturalized citizen since 1973, St.Florian has been called a visionary and theoretical architect for his futuristic drawings. St. Florians approach to design melds the theoretical (philosophical) with the practical (pragmatic). He believes that one must explore the philosophical background, define the problem, and then resolve the problem with a timeless design. His design philosophy includes this statement: We approach architectural design as a process that begins with exploration of philosophical underpinnings leading to concept ideas that will be subjected to vigorous testing. To us, how a problem is defined is critical to its resolution. Architectural design is the process of distillation that purifies the confluence of circumstances and ideals. We deal with pragmatic as well as fundamental concerns. In the end, the proposed design solutions are expected to reach beyond utilitarian considerations and stand as an artistic statement of timeless value. St.Florian (who leaves no space within his last name) earned a Masters Degree in Architecture (1958) at Technische Universadad in Graz, Austria, before receiving a Fullbright to study in the U.S. In 1962 he earned a Master of Science Degree in Architecture from Columbia University in New York City, and then headed to New England. While at RISD, he received a Fellowship to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts from 1970 until 1976, becoming a licensed architect in 1974. St.Florian established Friedrich St.Florian Architects in Providence, Rhode Island in 1978. Principal Works St.Florians projects, like most architects, fall into at least two categories - works that got built and those that didnt. In Washington, D.C., the 2004 World War II Memorial (1997-2004) stands center stage on the National Mall, in site of the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. Closer to his own hometown, one finds many projects in and around Providence, Rhode Island, including the Sky Bridge (2000), the Pratt Hill Town Houses (2005), the House on College Hill (2009), and his own home, the St.Florian Residence, completed in 1989. Many, many architects (most architects) have design plans that are never built. Sometimes they are competition entries that dont win, and sometimes they are theoretical buildings or architecture of the mind - sketches of what if? Some of St.Florians unbuilt designs include the 1972 Georges Pompidour Centre for the Visual Arts, Paris, France (Second Prize with Raimund Abraham); the 1990 Matthson Public Library, Chicago, Illinois (Honorable Mention with Peter Twombly); the 2000 Monument to the Third Millennium; the 2001 National Opera House, Oslo, Norway (compare with the completed Oslo Opera House by the Norwegian architecture firm Snà ¸hetta); the 2008 Vertical Mechanical Parking; and the 2008 House of Arts and Culture (HAC), Beirut, Lebanon. About Theoretical Architecture All design is theoretical until actually built. Every invention was previously just a theory of a working thing, including flying machines, super tall buildings, and homes that use no energy. Many if not all theoretical architects believe that their projects are viable solutions to problems and can (and should) be built. Theoretical architecture is design and building of the mind - on paper, a verbalization, a rendering, a sketch. Some of St.Florians early theoretical works are part of the Museum of Modern Arts (MoMAs) permanent Exhibitions Collections in New York City: 1966, Vertical City: a 300-story cylindrical city designed to take advantage of sunlight above the clouds - The regions beyond the clouds were designated for those most in need of light- hospitals, schools, and the elderly - which could be continually provided by solar technology. 1968, New York Birdcage-Imaginary Architecture: spaces that become real and active only when in use; As in solid, earthbound architecture, each room is a dimensional space, with a floor, a ceiling, and walls, but it has no physical structure; existing only when drawn by the moving airplane, it depends entirely upon the airplanes presence and on the pilots and air-traffic controllers consciousness of designated coordinates. 1974, Himmelbelt: a four-poster bed (a Himmelbelt), set upon a polished stone foundation and beneath a heavenly projection; described as the juxtaposition between real physical space and the imaginary realm of dreams Fast Facts About the WWII Memorial Friedrich St.Florians winning design balances classical and modernist styles of architecture... states the National Park Service website, and celebrates the victory of the greatest generation. Dedicated: May 29, 2004Location: Washington, D.C. Constitution Gardens area of the National Mall, in the vicinity of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial and the Korean War Veterans MemorialConstruction Materials:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Granite - approximately 17,000 individual stones from South Carolina, Georgia, Brazil, North Carolina, and California  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bronze sculpting  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stainless steel starsSymbolism of Stars: 4,048 gold stars, each symbolize 100 American military dead and missing, representing more than 400,000 of the 16 million who servedSymbolism of Granite Columns: 56 individual pillars, each represent a state or territory of the U.S. during World War II; each pillar has two wreaths, a wheat wreath representing agriculture and an oak wreath symbolizing industry Sources Elements of the Vertical City by Bevin Cline and Tina di Carlo from The Changing of the Avant-Garde: Visionary Architectural Drawings from the Howard Gilman Collection, Terence Riley, ed., New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2002, p. 68 (online accessed November 26, 2012).Birdcage by Bevin Cline from Envisioning Architecture: Drawings from The Museum of Modern Art, Matilda McQuaid, ed., New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2002, p. 154 (online accessed November 26, 2012).Himmelbelt by Bevin Cline and Tina di Carlo from The Changing of the Avant-Garde: Visionary Architectural Drawings from the Howard Gilman Collection, Terence Riley, ed., New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2002, p. 127 (online accessed November 26, 2012).Frequently Asked Questions, History Culture, National Park Service Website. NPS website accessed November 18, 2012Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) Faculty Profile and Curriculum Vitae (PDF), accessed November 18, 2012; Design philosophy from www.fstflorian.com/ph ilosophy.html, accessed November 26, 2012. Getty Images from Mark Wilson and Chip Somodevilla; Library of Congress aerial image by Carol M. Highsmith

Pathogencity and Immuneology; Host resistence and the immune response Essay

Pathogencity and Immuneology; Host resistence and the immune response - Essay Example The virulence, resistance and the antigenicity of the microorganism are the most important in my view to determine the spread and severity of the disease that it may cause Virulence of an agent is very important when determining the infection that a certain microorganism is able to cause. Certain agents are highly virulent whereas some of them not virulent because of which they do not cause diseases that can be life threatening. In a community it is necessary that measures are taken by the authorities to ensure that the highly virulent strains do not harm the people in anyway. The resistance of an agent which causes disease is also important in determining its effect on the human beings. If an agent is resistant to environmental conditions then it is possible that it can survive the latest of the antibiotics and this would cause havoc in the human society. Diseases can get severe and life threatening if the resistance of a strain is high. Some of the strains of agents get resistant to antibiotics and adverse environmental conditions because of the continuous exposure to them and hence the authorities should ensure that this practice does not prevail in the community. Lastly the antigenicity of an agent is a factor which helps to determine whether an agent would be able to cause the same disease in the community or not. Some strains have a high antigenicity because of which they can be destroyed immediately while some of the strains have low antigenicity. It is important to determine the antigenicity of an agent so that it can be confirmed that the disease may or may not be caused again. If the antigenicity of an agent is low then the authorities should enhance the passive immunity of the people so that their immune system can fight off the agent. Infectivity is a measure of the ability of an agent to multiply and cause a disease. It is not considered to be important

Hospitality and Tourism Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Hospitality and Tourism Business - Essay Example Moreover, the industry also performs a key role in dealing with the aspect of unemployment all over the world by employing millions of people worldwide. In the contemporary context, the industry has undergone various noteworthy changes and its significance has reached a considerable level altogether (Barrows & Powers, 2008). It is apparent that the tourism and the hospitality industry have emerged as quite crucial with its presence being quite prominent all over the world. It is worth mentioning in this context that there are certain characteristics of this particular industry, which are observably unique and different from other industries upto a marginal extent. Some of the differing characteristics of this particular sector include its predominant nature of being a service industry although imbibing the characteristics of a product oriented industry as well, the labour intensive nature of this sector and the aspect of seasonality among others. All these facets are crucial for busi ness operating in this sector, with the purpose of devising their strategies ensuring sustainability in their operations (Tesone, 2012). Contextually, the primary intention of the discussion henceforth will be to analyse the characteristics of this particular sector in detail and recommend strategies to the small business units operating in this particular sector.... Over the years, the industry has expanded its presence extensively and has become a major contributor towards the development of the world economy. Arguably, the current prospects of the hospitality and tourism industry of the world have been in an ever rising mode and are expected to continue the same way in the near future. However, it is important to note that there are several reasons, which have contributed towards the immense growth of this particular industry in the recent years. Among the several factors, the uniqueness of the industry is one vital domain, where it excels evidently. Correspondingly, it is often argued that the hospitality and the tourism industry of the world are quite unique as it possesses certain characteristics that are quite different from other forms of industry to say the least (Brotherton, 2013). The hospitality and tourism industry is one of the few industries of the world, where the services provided to the customers are treated as the ultimate prod ucts; therefore making an initiative to mitigate the gaps and differences between product management principles and the notion of services management (Education Bureau, n.d.). Thus, the products offered to the customers in this particular sector are considered as intangible and perishable. The companies therefore strive to ensure effectiveness in their performance with the help of delivering efficient services to the customers, further ensuring maximum satisfaction from them. The primary emphasis of the business, in this particular sector, is therefore to develop the quality of the services in order to ensure a sustainable presence in the increasingly competitive environment, over a longer period of time (Vasile, 2009). Another unique characteristic of the

International Accounting Standard Individual Assignement Essay

International Accounting Standard Individual Assignement - Essay Example "Most other efforts to bring clean water to the underserved citizens had relied on volunteerism and had ultimately failed. Those efforts were not market-based and proved to be unsustainable" Kaputt said. MIBW4A established a strong and mutually profitable partnership with the water vendors to help in the distribution of low salt level drinking water to the consumers (Salzman, 2012, p.5). Profitability: To create a sustainable business enterprise with a potential of generating revues excess of the operational costs, and be able to finance future growth. In addition, the company aims at establishing itself by developing quality brands, popular among its consumers. Community Building: MIBW4A would employ and hire technical and casual staff to service their water filters and serve the vendors or other distributors. Besides, the company will focus on community educational programs about benefits of consuming clean water. Corporate Social Responsibility - Environment: MIBW4A will bear the cost of externalities incurred in the process of boiling the water, by ensuring reduced deforestation (popularly associated with charcoal burning). This would be attained by reducing the demand and need for bottled and bagged water, which potentially pollutes and litter the environment. With a daily average of 150-350 venders, the company estimated that each consumer will need at least 1 litre clean drinking water on a daily basis. Within the first year, the company planned to acquire 50 water filters. By the end of three years of operation, MIBW4A estimates their customer base to reach 3000, thus calling for acquisition of more filters in the subsequent years. After conducting an extensive market research, MIBW4A introduced its purified water products priced at USD 0.08 per litre. By only attracting 12% of the potential consumers, the company estimated daily average sales of 450,000 litres of clean

The Romantic Periods Trends English Literature Essay

The Romantic Periods Trends English Literature Essay The Romantic Period 1798-1830 refers to a number of different groups of artists, poets, writers and musicians as well as political, theoretical and societal theorists and trends of the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Europe. Whilst the Enlightenment put emphasis on the pre-eminence of rationale, Romanticism accentuated imagination and sensation. Romanticism rarely has anything to do with things generally considered to be romantic, even though it is possible that love could sometimes be the topic of Romantic art. To a larger extent it is a Western creative and philosophical revolution that redefined the principal ways in which people examined themselves and the world in which they lived. It was during this time that imagination was believed to be the most significant element of the mind; that the imagination is the single most powerful instrument of mankind and that through its use there was no difficulty in life that could not be overcome. This was in direct contradiction with the per-eminence for reason and differentiates the Romantic Period from that which went before. It was a dramatic shift in human understanding one that would eventually lead to the Modernist and Post-Modernist periods and inspire the thinking of later writers such as Williams and Ginsberg. However this fundamental shift in personal values and beliefs may have in part been sculpted by the industrial revolution itself. It could be argued that people who had previously left the countryside to work in the cities had essentially created a living space in the countryside that enabled Romantic style poets and artists to re-evaluate the importance and beauty of the natural landscape that surrounded th em. Wordsworth in his preface to Lyrical Ballads attempts to explain to his readers the techniques he employs when writing his poetry. Wordsworths principal objective was to choose incidents and situations from common life to write about. He wanted to use language that was used ordinarily by men and; at the same time throw over them a certain colouring of imagination. (Wordsworth 1800 p. 2). He believed that by surrounding himself with the countryside he was better able to bring his poems to completion as they; find a better soil in which they can attain their maturity. (Wordsworth 1800 p. 2). He defined poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. However he developed an ethos for writing not normally not associated with the word spontaneous. Wordsworth believed that powerful emotions recalled after the event which inspired them are in fact a truer representation of the feelings that were experienced at the time. That is; a period of speculative thought and reflection is nec essary after the time in which the emotions were experienced, coupled with continuing influxes of feeling, modified by our thoughts within that speculative time frame, thus enables the poet to present a more accurate description of the experience as it actually occurred. Nature itself became an expression of art for the romantics, they believed in the divine beauty of the countryside and marked a step away form forms of industrialisation, including industrialised civilisation, mechanical language and a return to nature as a naturally combined spiritual and organic pursuit. Percy Bysshe Shelly described a poem as; the image of life expressed in its eternal truth. (Shelly English Essays 1909). When we examine this statement there would appear to be two factors that must be acknowledged, firstly the image of life that Shelly refers to is not the image of life appertained to by for instance neoclassical painters whose rigidity and unemotional form of art was not intended to include symbolism, inventiveness, self-expression or personal inspiration. Conversely Shellys aim was to portray an image of life that was based solely on the; Unchangeable forms of human nature as existing in the mind of the creator. Another factor of Shellys poetry was his idea that to truly express an image of life it must be done so in its eternal truth. He believed that to describe an image solely as it exists in the mind of the observer was to describe it in such a way that it was automatically recognisable in its truest form in the mind of the reader. Shelly inevitably suggests t hat there is a universal truth to poetry that recognises a familiarity between what is being described by the poet and the personal day to day experiences of the reader. This proverbial connection between reader and poet is achieved according to Shelly because poetry acts in a divine and unapprehended manner beyond and above consciousness. (Shelly English Essays 1909). When writing to his brothers George and Tom, the poet John Keats discussed his theory of Negative Capability. It is described in his letter; I mean Negative Capability that is when man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries [and] doubts without any irritable reaching after fact reason. (Keats 1818). Although Keats does not in any great depth discuss instances in which negative capability exists other than referencing Shakespeare, we are able to establish from this statement an interpretation of what he was talking about. Firstly if we look at the idea; that a man is capable of being even in uncertainties, it is revealed to us that the state of being in which a man exists does not have to rely on fact or reason, rather that it exists within a reality that responds to events and forces that are unseen and indeterminable. With this in mind Keats believed that poetry and all art was devoid of rationality. He believed that poets and great artists were directly relaying the voice of God to the world and that this could be seen in their work. Therefore any attempt to interpret reason and significance from poetry and thus life, was impossible. This idea can be likened to A Priory thinking, whereby one does not need to experience something or look for scientific evidence to ascertain if something, whether in poetry of real life is true, but simply to accept that it is true and leave it at that. This technique was also employed by the poet William Carlos Williams a century later to great effect in the poem The Red Wheelbarrow. The idea of Negative Capability can also be likened to those of the philosopher Immanuel Kant who believed that the larger questions of exploratory metaphysics cannot be understood nor answered by the human mind, because the laws and scientific reasoning used to raise these questions rest within the metaphysical boundaries of human consciousness. Keats believed that the truths that were to be found within the human imagination had access to divine knowledge. Such knowledge, he believed could not be interpreted or understood by the human mind and thus he writes of the existence of uncertainties within poetry and thus reality. Therefore being in uncertainty is in fact being in a place that lies between the ordinary day to day reality of the world as we experience it and the multiple potential realities that exist outside our physical understanding of how things are; As to the poetical character itself(à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦)it has no self, it is everything and nothing, it has no character, it enjoys light and shade, it lives in gusto be it foul or fair, high or low, rich or poor, mean or elevated, it has as much delight in perceiving an Iago as an Imogen. (Keats 1818 Letter to Richard Woodhouse). Keats J. 1818 Letter to Richard Woodhouse: EN125: Literary Periods Literary History, Dr. Riana ODwyer. Keats J. 1818 Letter to George and Tom Keats: EN125: Literary Periods Literary History, Dr. Riana ODwyer. Shelly P.B. 1909 English Essays: Sidney to Macaulay: The Harvard Classics. New York: P.F. Collier Son, 1909-14; Bartleby.com, 2001. Wordsworth W. 1800 Preface to Lyrical Ballads 2nd Edition: The Harvard Classics. New York: P.F. Collier Son, 1909-14; Bartleby.com, 2001.

The Chesapeake and New England Colonies: A Comparison :: American America History

The Chesapeake and New England Colonies: A Comparison During the late 16th century and into the 17th century, European nations rapidly colonized the newly discovered Americas. England in particular sent out numerous groups to the eastern coast of North America to two regions. These two regions were known as the Chesapeake and the New England areas. Later, in the late 1700's, these two areas would bond to become one nation. Yet from the very beginnings, both had very separate and unique identities. These differences, though very numerous, spurred from one major factor: the very reason the settlers came to the New World. This affected the colonies in literally every way, including economically, socially, and politically. The Chesapeake region of the colonies included Virginia, Maryland, the New Jerseys (both East and West) and Pennsylvania. In 1607, Jamestown, the first English colony in the New World (that is, the first to thrive and prosper), was founded by a group of 104 settlers to a peninsula along the James River. These settlers hoped to find gold, silver, a northwest passage to Asia, a cure for syphilis, or any other valuables they might take back to Europe and make a profit. Lead by Captain John Smith, who "outmaneuvered other members of the colony's ruling and took ruthlessly took charge" (Liberty Equality Power, p. 57), a few lucky members of the original voyage survived. These survivors turned to the local Powhatan Indians, who taught them the process of corn- and tobacco-growing. These staple-crops flourished throughout all five of these colonies. New England was north of the Chesapeake, and included Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Haven (which soon became part of Connecticut). The New Englanders were largely Puritan Separatists, who sought religious freedom. When the Church of England separated from Catholicism under Henry VIII, Protestantism flourished in England. Some Protestants, however, wanted complete separation from Catholicism and embraced Calvinism. These "Separatists" as they were called, along with persecuted Catholics who had not joined the Church of England, came to New England in hopes of finding this religious freedom where they would be free to practice as they wished. Their motives were, thus, religious in nature, not economic. In fact, New England settlers reproduced much of England's economy, with only minor variations. They did not invest largely in staple crops, instead, relied on artisan-industries like carpentry, shipbuilding, and printing. The Chesapeake and New England attracted different types of settlers and, by 1700, the populations differed enormously.

Sequence involves patterns Essay

Beginning to realise others are separate beings from themselves, imitates others and tries out ways of behaving in play.   Babbling sounds begin,laugh and chuckle to show enjoyment.   Recognise familiar people at 6 metres, drops toys deliberately and pick them up.   Sort object s by size and type,understand two or three simple things to do at once.   Developing ability to think abstractly, can question sources of information. Fluent speaker, increasing use of peer influenced. Adolescence from 13 – 19 years discuss the following terms and complete a defination for each of them. Sequence of development. Sequence means the definite pattern to a child developing example toddler being able to walk before they can run. Some aspects of developments follow a definite sequence like physical development of babies learn to lift their heads before they can sit . A new baby development may begin with rolling over then sit up, crawl , walk , run. Another may do it differently, even though elements are missed the development still proceeds in an expected pattern. Sequence involves patterns and an order of development linked to body, mobility , and intellectual growth. It can also be defined as how things happened in an expected order example breastfed, weaned, full meals, lie, sit , crawl etc. Sequence of development is the order that a child develops but this can vary in each child. One child may start with rolling over then sit up, then crawl and then start wal king but another child may just sit up, then crawl and then start walking. Rate of development rate means the speed in which a child develops, rate involves a time frame linked to age. One baby may achieve walking unaided at ten months another may accomplish it at twelve months. Rate is what happens at one year old , twenty four months , and seven years etc. Recording the rate of developments can help you to identify any concerns that one may have with any child. The rate of development is the pace that a child develops at, this can be the pace within each sequence or the pace overall and goes to cover all the set areas or periods in between or altogether in sequences. Why is the difference between the sequence of development and rate of development important?. Sequence of development and rate of development are important as it helps in the development from mental to physical and emotional. If one of them is missed or slow it can be a cause for concern and may lead to a child being given special attention . They are both used to measure the development of children, although all children will develop at different rates and at different sequence , it helps to check if something is going wrong. It also helps to provide a picture that can measure where a child might be in need of support. Bibilogaphy www.blurtit.com/q6865758.html www.studymode.com/essays www.antiessays.com/free-essays/442524.html www.silkysteps.com/forum/showthreads.php?t=12275

History of Bar Code and Bernard Silver

History of Bar Code and Bernard Silver What is a bar code? It is a  method of automatic identification and data collection. History of Bar Codes The first patent for a bar code type product (US Patent #2,612,994) was issued to inventors Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver on October 7, 1952. The Woodland and Silver bar code can be described as a bulls eye symbol, made up of a series of concentric circles. In 1948, Bernard Silver was a graduate student at Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia. A local food chain store owner had made an inquiry to the Drexel Institute asking about research into a method of automatically reading product information during checkout. Bernard Silver joined together with fellow graduate student Norman Joseph Woodland to work on a solution. Woodlands first idea was to use ultraviolet light sensitive ink. The team built a working prototype but decided that the system was too unstable and expensive. They went back to the drawing board. On October 20, 1949, Woodland and Silver filed their patent application for the Classifying Apparatus and Method, describing their invention as article classification...through the medium of identifying patterns. Commercial Use of Bar Codes Bar code was first used commercially in 1966, however, it was soon realized that there would have to be some sort of industry standard set. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code or UGPIC was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The first company to produce bar code equipment for retail trade use (using UGPIC) was the American company Monarch Marking in 1970, and for industrial use, the British company Plessey Telecommunications was also first in 1970. UGPIC evolved into the U.P.C. symbol set or Universal Product Code, which is still used in the United States. George J. Laurer is considered the inventor of U.P.C. or Uniform Product Code, which was invented in 1973. In June of 1974, the first U.P.C. scanner was installed at a Marshs supermarket in Troy, Ohio. The first product to have a bar code included was a packet of Wrigleys Gum.

Ethopoeia Definition and Examples in Rhetoric

Ethopoeia Definition and Examples in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, ethopoeia means to put  oneself in the place of another so as to both understand and express his or her feelings more vividly. Ethopoeia is one  of the rhetorical exercises known as the  progymnasmata. Also called impersonation. Adjective: ethopoetic. From the point of view of a speechwriter, says  James J. Murphy, [e]thopoeia  is the ability to capture the ideas, words, and style of delivery suited to the person for whom the address is written. Even more so,  ethopoeia  involves adapting the speech to the exact conditions under which it is to be spoken (A Synoptic History of Classical Rhetoric, 2014). Commentary Ethopoeia was one of the earliest rhetorical techniques that the Greeks named; it denoted the constructionor simulationof character in discourse, and was particularly apparent in the art of logographers, or speechwriters, who worked usually for those who had to defend themselves in court. A successful logographer, like Lysias, could create in a prepared speech an effective character for the accused, who would actually speak the words (Kennedy 1963, pp. 92, 136) . . .. Isocrates, the great teacher of rhetoric, noted that a speakers character was an important contribution to the persuasive effect of the speech. (Carolyn R. Miller, Writing in a Culture of Simulation. Towards a Rhetoric of Everyday Life, ed. by M. Nystrand and J. Duffy. University of Wisconsin Press, 2003) Two Kinds ofEthopoeia There are two kinds of  ethopoeia. One is a description of a characters moral and psychological characteristics; in this sense, it is a characteristic feature of portrait writing. . . . It can also be used as an argumentational strategy. In this sense ethopoeia involves putting oneself into someone elses shoes and imagining the feelings of the other person. (Michael Hawcroft,  Rhetoric: Readings in French Literature. Oxford University Press, 1999)   Ethopoeia in ShakespearesHenry IV, Part 1 Do thou stand for me, and Ill play my father... [T]here is a devil haunts thee, in the likeness of a fat old man; a tun of man is thy companion. Why dost thou converse with that trunk of humours, that bolting hutch of beastliness, that swolln parcel of dropsies, that huge bombard of sack, that stuffed cloak-bag of guts, that roasted Manningtree ox with the pudding in his belly, that reverend Vice, that grey Iniquity, that father Ruffian, that Vanity in years? Wherein is he good, but to taste sack and drink it? (Prince Hal impersonating his father, the king, while Falstaffthe fat old manassumes the role of Prince Hal in Act II, Scene iv, of Henry IV, Part 1 by William Shakespeare)   Ethopoeia in Film By leaving out of the frame what a person cannot or does not see, and including only what he can or does, we are putting ourselves in his placethe figure ethopoeia. It is, when seen in another way, an ellipsis, the one that always lurks behind our backs... Philip Marlowe is sitting in his office, looking out of the window. The camera retreats from his back to bring in a shoulder, head, and hat of Moose Malloy, and as it does, something prompts Marlowe to turn his head. He and we become aware of Moose at the same time (Murder My Sweet, Edward Dmytryk)...The leaving out of the frame something expected in the normal course of events, or conversely, including the unusual, is a sign that what we are seeing may only exist in the awareness of one of the characters, projected into the world outside. (​N. Roy Clifton, The Figure in Film. Associated University Presses, 1983) Further Reading Ethopoeia in George Orwells A HangingProsopopoeiaCharacterEkphrasisIdentificationMimesisPersonaPersonificationWhat Are the Progymnasmata?

New Christian Right in US Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

New Christian Right in US Politics - Essay Example 29, 2011). Despite the fact that these campaigners looked like their republican as well as autonomous corresponding persons in quite a lot of respects, the representatives with Christian Right ties were not mainly successful and were unsuccessful to form an operational coalition with the majority republicans on the mission. The centre of the crisis was the continuance by the communal traditionalists of a ‘foreigner’ point of view that toughened their pedant point of reference to civic dealings (Culver & Dorhauer, p. 43, 2007). The Christian Right has attained considerable representation within American communal life. Even though this sort of demonstration may have presented significant representative advantages, the force to protect public agency was acceptable as the way towards putting a stop. The objective of the Christian Right, stating generally, has been to alter American public strategy in the way of what are known as family or conventional standards. Despite the fact that researchers have collected many statistics on the communal as well as electoral foundation of the faction, they have given very small amount of facts with reference to its impact on civic strategy (Ishay, p. 59, 2008). The fundamental issue is whether Christian Right leaders have made an unbeaten shift from ‘foreigner’ to ‘insider politics’, or if they stay traditionalists who have yet to change completely to the traditions of politics. The coalition between right-wing religious conviction and traditionalist politics had an extensive derivation in American political life, and the alliance would grow so long as it carried on to provide the concerns of both accomplices. Subsequent to a series of strategy failures throughout the presidency of its former enthusiast, the movement appeared to fall apart during the 1988 drive for the Republican presidential selection (Meyers, p. 193, 2006). As a number of the original tycoons who had driven the movement stepped out of political activities, quite a lot of researchers were fast to mark obituaries with reference to this latest fatality of America's determinedly incremental political structure. At base, the conversion of the Christian Right portrayed by supporters of the next generation concerned the progress grip on pluralism. In the pluralist assumption of American politics, the utter variety of clusters functional within the political structure mainly prevents fundamental alteration. In the pluralist point of view, the structure progresses by small strides, motivated mainly by stress from groups that can create a centre of attention for adequate supporters by logrolling as well as vote trading to make short-lived common coalitions. Faced with this cruel truth, movements that come into politics, in search for radical change have to reconcile instead for additional modification by implementing the standards of alliance formation as well as conciliation (Butler, p. 193, 2006). For that to take place, non-transferable requirements have to be substituted by negotiating as well as by taking trade-offs into consideration. The substitute is marginalization along with the political wilderness. NEW CHRISTIAN RIGHT At its core, the Christian Right was the interest group of ethical re-establishment that recognized settled as a ‘give in’

Health Risks Associated with VOC's and are Alternative Compounds Essay

Health Risks Associated with VOC's and are Alternative Compounds Readily Avaialable in Residential Building Use - Essay Example ompounds are gasoline, formaldehyde, benzene, and solvents such as toluene, xylene and tetra-chloroethylene, which is the main solvent used in drycleaning.(www.toxtown.nlm.nih.gov). Volatile Organic Compounds used in building materials are frequent indoor air pollutants. According to Meininghaus et al (2000), certain materials that are present indoors can function as buffers which may reduce the peak concentrations but prolong the presence of the compounds in the air. A two flow system was used in this study to allow direct observation of mass flow across materials. The results in this study showed that diffusion through materials can reduce the room air concentrations, which can affect ventilation requirements. However, VOC levels in indoor air is an important issue of indoor air pollution because most humans spend an average amount of 90% of their time indoors.(Klepeis et al, 2001). Studies show that concentrations of VOCs are typically higher indoors than outdoors and building characteristics can influence the relevant levels.(Wallace, 2001). VOCs are an important category of indoor and outdoor pollutant, although they do not last as long outside because they are easily broken down by microorganisms and sunlight. However, die to their ubiquitous nature, VOCs from indoor sources such as chloroform, p-dichlorobenzene, d-limonene, ÃŽ ±- and ÃŽ ²-pinene are associated with long term health risks.(Pratt et al 2000; Woodruf et al 1998). While the cumulative risks that accrue from long term exposure to multiple VOCs remains indeterminate, the Eleventh Report on Carcinogens which is published by the National Toxicology program identifies damages to the liver, kidneys and the central system in the long term (www.toxtown.nlm.nih.gov). Studies have also shown that several types of cancers as well as cardiovascular and neurological diseases have been reported as adverse health effects of exposure to VOC, either through inhalation or through the presence of VOC’s in